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bisphenol a epoxy resin chemical formula

Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid phase belonging to the diphenylmethane group and is soluble in organic solvents but poorly dissolves in water (0.344 % wt. Its chemical formula is (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2. View our page to search various areas of interest and methodology. These meetings are listed in the NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public. For instance, healthy female deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were found to avoid males that had been exposed to BPA through maternal diet; furthermore, the males, outwardly normal in appearance, demonstrated impairments in navigational and exploratory behaviours, which support their ability to find female mates. Some of the Environmental Effects of Bisphenol A are: BPA can enter into the environment directly through the leaching of chemicals, or degradation of plastic bottles, industries that use BPA casting sands, paper and other recycling industries, plastic coating and straining manufacturers. BPA is an industrial chemical used to make polycarbonate, a hard, clear plastic, which is used in many consumer products. by the Food and Drug Administrator in the USA. hbbd``b`+ b@QH[A,D|_A?HQHpG @+Ho A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment CAS number(s): 55818-57-0 . bisphenol resin polymer ether diglycidyl food structure process contact glycidyl pre The performance of D.E.R. People are generally exposed to minute levels of BPA, mostly from the ingestion of food or beverages that have been in contact with materials manufactured with BPA. BPA mostly affects the growth and reproduction of marine life. Other research suggested that free unpolymerized BPA may always be present in plastics and resins. and receive emails about the products and services from okchem.com. Another reason for concern, especially for parents, may be because some animal studies report effects in fetuses and newborns exposed to BPA. 516 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<7FB50FFC6D49094980FD3676EC69AC54><9176516F33BA6F4FAFC9FFD2C9BF5C8B>]/Index[488 42]/Info 487 0 R/Length 120/Prev 124033/Root 489 0 R/Size 530/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream bisphenol resin process ether diglycidyl epoxy commonly preparation molecular known step low medium used also WebEpoxy resins are typically formed by the reaction of compounds containing at least two active hydrogen atoms (polyphenolic compounds, diamines, amino phenols, heterocyclic imides and amides, aliphatic diols, etc.) WebQuickly confirm chemical names, CAS Registry Numbers, CAS Registry Number 25068-38-6 . Moreover, these bio-based epoxy vitrimers can also be reprocessed with extremely high efficiency and degraded in NaOH solution. WebEpoxy resin | C21H25ClO5 | CID 169944 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Some, but not all, plastics that are marked with recycle codes 3 or 7 may be made with BPA. WebBisphenol A ( BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics. The molecular formula identifies each type of element by its chemical symbol and identifies the number of atoms of each element found in one discrete molecule of the substance. WebEpoxy is a synthetic resin that uses two chemical components (typically diglycidyl ethers and a combination of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin) to harden or cure. The synthesis of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), the most widely used epoxy resin monomer, is: The primary source of exposure to BPA for most people is through the diet. BPA polycarbonate plastics are exceptionally strong and stable. 353 liquid epoxy resin is a low viscosity epoxy resin with a very low crystallization tendency. Show my request to other suppliers if this supplier doesn't contact me within 24 hours. E-mail: Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid phase belonging to the diphenylmethane group and is soluble in organic solvents but poorly dissolves in water (0.344 % wt. BPAs are mostly used to manufacture certain plastic grades like polycarbonate plastics, some polysulfones and epoxy raisins, that are key material of plastic bottles, baby bottles and food and beverage containers. Bisphenol F Epoxy Resins Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid phase belonging to the diphenylmethane group and is soluble in organic solvents but poorly dissolves in water (0.344 % wt. WebIn this work, the new epoxy resins showed much better thermal and mechanical properties (T g = 157 C, tensile strength = 65 MPa) than commercial BPA-based epoxy resins. As a component of epoxy resins in protective coatings, such as those lining the inner surfaces of cans, BPA helps to extend the shelf life of food and beverage products. <> BISPHENOL A Label abbreviations descriptions BISPHENOL A * All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details. BPA is best known for its use in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, particularly those found in water bottles, baby bottles, and other beverage and food containers. okchemvip.com, or notifications@edm-okchem.com. At 830C). 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She joined Britannica in 2006 and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. BPA as well as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, which are used as alternatives to BPA, are associated with obesity, particularly in children. WebAdvantage Description. WebBisphenol A-(epichlorhydrin)epoxy resin, polymer with polyethylene glycol, castor oil and triethylenetetramine. Molecular formula: C21H25ClO5 . The reaction results in opening of the epoxide ring, generating unsaturated esters at each terminus of the molecule. Dont microwave polycarbonate plastic food containers. You do not have JavaScript enabled. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Package: Package220KG/Drum Its chemical formula is (CH, . Molecular formula. In 2003, the USA used 856000 tons of BPA to produce 21% of epoxy raisins that are mostly used in the printing industry for making sale receipts and other coating papers. No image available. Alternatively, bisphenol A (BPA) definition is that it is a synthetically obtained colourless crystalline organic compound that occurs in the solid. Please enable JavaScript It also possesses the property that interrupts the nerve network that manages the signal for the development of the reproductive system in humans and animals. They also found that BPA produced estrogenic effects in cells at levels 5 to 10 times lower than those used for safety assessments by companies that manufactured polycarbonate plastics. The 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found detectable levels of BPA in 93% of 2517 urine samples from people six years and older. WebBisphenol A 99% Synonym (s): 2,2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 4,4-Isopropylidenediphenol Linear Formula: (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2 CAS Number: 80-05-7 Molecular Weight: 228.29 Beilstein: 1107700 EC Number: 201-245-8 MDL number: MFCD00002366 PubChem Substance ID: 24854386 Pricing and availability is not It is a typical vinyl ester resin that is derived from bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. The resiliency of BPA plastics has led to their use in medical devices such as heart-lung machines, incubators, artificial kidneys (hemodialyzers), and dental sealants and fillers, and their light weight and optical clarity has made them especially useful for eyeglasses. WebQuickly confirm chemical names, CAS Registry Numbers, CAS Registry Number 25068-38-6 . Please be alert of other emails sent to you in the name of OKCHEM. Polym. The chemical is also found in a variety of other products, including compact discs and paper receipts. Similarly, DGEBA reacts with acrylic acid to give vinyl ester resins. Chem., 2020,11, 4500 Structure: Uses and bisphenol A (BPA), a colourless crystalline solid belonging to the family of organic compounds; its molecular formula is C 15 H 16 O 2. BPA causes endocrine effects in fish, amphibians and reptiles. WebBisphenol A 99% Synonym (s): 2,2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 4,4-Isopropylidenediphenol Linear Formula: (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2 CAS Number: 80-05-7 Molecular Weight: 228.29 Beilstein: 1107700 EC Number: 201-245-8 MDL number: MFCD00002366 PubChem Substance ID: 24854386 Pricing and availability is not bisphenol A type Epoxy resin depending on the molecular weight and degree of polymerization n, the resin is yellow to amber transparent viscous liquid (or solid), the average molecular weight in the production of 300~700, n<2, softening point below 50 is called low molecular weight epoxy resin (I. Its chemical formula is (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2. Molecular formula. Chemical Identity. 0 324 liquid epoxy resin. The company is specialized in the manufacture of synthetic resins, including silicone resin, epoxy resin, alkyd resin, amino resin and acrylic resin, with around 100 different types and an annual production capacity of about 10,000 tons. Average molecular weight 300-7000. BPA enters the human body through canned foods, package drinking water etc as most of the EPA derivatives are used majorly for the production of food and beverages coverings like zip locks or sealed cans. WebBisphenol-A 4,4'- (propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol Biphenol A p,p'-Isopropylidenebisphenol DIAN Parabis A 2,2-Bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)propane Rikabanol p,p'-Bisphenol A 4- [2- (4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol 2,2-Di (4-phenylol)propane Bisferol A Phenol, 4,4'- (1-methylethylidene)bis- Ipognox 88 p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropane BPA Pluracol 245 Ans. The primary routes for environmental contamination include leaching from landfills and release from municipal water supplies, such as those associated with wastewater-treatment plants and paper mills. 353 in ambient cure formulations is similar to those obtained when using D.E.R. Molecular formula: C21H25ClO5 . WebBisphenol A (BPA, 80-05-7) is an organic compound used predominantly in the production of products made of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins that line food and beverage cans. Whether and how the chemical might adversely affect human fetal development, however, is unclear. These go straight into the land rendering it unfertile and barren making it unsuitable for agriculture. bisphenol A (BPA), a colourless crystalline solid belonging to the family of organic compounds; its molecular formula is C 15 H 16 O 2. From the mid-1990s, numerous studies determined that both high-level and low-level exposure to BPA can adversely affect reproduction and development in animals by interfering with their endocrine systems. Thus in 2012, the use of bisphenol was banned in baby products like feeding bottles, teethers etc. Use the browser controls to adjust the font size, or print this page. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics. EPON (R) RESIN 828 - Nature. endstream endobj startxref Main Product: Silicone resin series; Epoxy resin series; Alkyd resin series; Amino resin series; Acrylic resin series, Bisphenol A type epoxy resin E-51(Jiangsu Wujiang HeLi Resin Co.,Ltd. provided correct acknowledgement is given. Moreover, these bio-based epoxy vitrimers can also be reprocessed with extremely high efficiency and degraded in NaOH solution. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Thus, BPA can find its way into tissues and fluids in the human womb. This is a bid cross-linking polymer produced by free radical polymerization. We have grown leaps and bounds to be the best Online Tuition Website in India with immensely talented Vedantu Master Teachers, from the most reputed institutions. Package220KG/Drum Ans. Copyright Clearance Center request page. Alkylation of BPA with epichlorohydrin results in the formation of vinyl ester resins. WebModified Bisphenol A/F Epoxy Resins D.E.R. 353 190 200 800 1000 D.E.R. Structure: Uses and bisphenol A type Epoxy resin depending on the molecular weight and degree of polymerization n, the resin is yellow to amber transparent viscous liquid (or solid), the average molecular weight in the production of 300~700, n<2, softening point below 50 is called low molecular weight epoxy resin (I. WebIn this work, the new epoxy resins showed much better thermal and mechanical properties (T g = 157 C, tensile strength = 65 MPa) than commercial BPA-based epoxy resins. WebEpoxy resin | C21H25ClO5 | CID 169944 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. WebAccording to the water-borne epoxy resin preparation method, bisphenol-A or bisphenol-F type epoxy resin low in molecular weight is subjected to chain extension, and comb-shaped hydrophilic nonionic chain segments are introduced into the structure of the bisphenol-A or bisphenol-F type epoxy resin through chemical modification to obtain BPA polycarbonate plastics are very sturdy in nature. Brand Names: Not applicable . WebModified Bisphenol A/F Epoxy Resins D.E.R. 353 190 200 800 1000 D.E.R. Its chemical formula is (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2. <> Similarly, DGEBA reacts with acrylic acid to give vinyl ester resins. please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. Human exposure in that country particularly was deemed to be widespread; a study published in 2008 estimated that more than 90 percent of Americans aged six and older had detectable levels of BPA in their urine. In general, BPA levels in humans have measured well below 50 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day, which is the maximum acceptable (or reference) dose set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin under the action of sodium hydroxide condensation derived. StorageThis product in 5 -35 long-term indoor storage performance and stability. 353 liquid epoxy resin is a low viscosity epoxy resin with a very low crystallization tendency. The performance of D.E.R. EC number: 500-130-2 . in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) No image available. Bisphenol A can leach into food from the protective internal epoxy resin coatings of canned foods and from consumer products such as polycarbonate tableware, food storage containers, water bottles, and baby bottles. BPA is best known for its use in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, particularly those found in water bottles, baby bottles, and other beverage and food containers. Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin under the action of sodium hydroxide condensation derived. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics. BPA is a xenoestrogen and mimics estrogen present in the body, thus exhibiting hormone-like properties. At 830C). [emailprotected], [emailprotected]. The .gov means its official. ",?H"x@L #F j EPON (R) RESIN 828 - Nature. Thus they are very susceptible as a material for safety glasses, bulletproof windows and helmets. Chemical name (IUPAC): 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, oligomeric reaction products with 1 -chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, esters with acrylic acid . and epichlorohydrin. BPA is best known for its use in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, particularly those found in water bottles, baby bottles, and other beverage and food containers. Due to their resiliency, they are used in many medical devices such as heart-lung machines, incubators, artificial kidney, dental fillers and sealants and due to their optical clarity it is also used as eyewear glasses. WebBisphenol A ( BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics. BPA is best known for its use in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, particularly those found in water bottles, baby bottles, and other beverage and food containers. WebIn this work, the new epoxy resins showed much better thermal and mechanical properties (T g = 157 C, tensile strength = 65 MPa) than commercial BPA-based epoxy resins. WebBisphenol A ( BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics. ), 2016-2022 okchem.com. (The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones that regulate a wide range of processes, from reproduction and development to energy balance and stress responses.) The performance of D.E.R. This may take some time to load. Bisphenol A-type epoxy resin is bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin under the action of sodium hydroxide condensation derived. People are generally exposed to minute levels of BPA, mostly from the ingestion of food or beverages that have been in contact with materials manufactured with BPA. BPA is an industrial chemical used to make polycarbonate, a hard, clear plastic, which is used in many consumer products. 353 in ambient cure formulations is similar to those obtained when using D.E.R. Some of the Important Physicochemical Properties of Bisphenol A are Listed Below: 158 to 1590C or 316 to 3180F or 431 to 432 K. The Chemical Properties of BPA are Listed below. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The diagrammatic representation of the bisphenol A structure is given below. BISPHENOL A Label abbreviations descriptions BISPHENOL A * All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details. The site is secure. and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. WebBisphenol A 99% Synonym (s): 2,2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 4,4-Isopropylidenediphenol Linear Formula: (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2 CAS Number: 80-05-7 Molecular Weight: 228.29 Beilstein: 1107700 EC Number: 201-245-8 MDL number: MFCD00002366 PubChem Substance ID: 24854386 Pricing and availability is not and epichlorohydrin. Its chemical formula is (CH3)2C (C6H4OH)2. Brand Names: Not applicable . CAS number(s): 55818-57-0 . Molecular formula. and epichlorohydrin. Though it is 1000 - 2000 times less fold potent than estradiol, it has the ability to mimic estrogen indicating that it is a selective estrogen receptor modulator t (SERM) and also antagonises estrogen. Please note that all emails sent by OKCHEM are from ***@okchem.com, service@mail. BPA is used as the main agent for the production of major classes of resins. In certain species of reptiles whose sex determination normally is influenced by temperature, BPA exposure causes sex ratios to become biased toward females. In the worlds oceans a major source of BPA is plastic pollution. CAS Common Chemistry. How does BPA get into the body? The molecular formula identifies each type of element by its chemical symbol and identifies the number of atoms of each element found in one discrete molecule of the substance. DOI: 10.1039/D0PY00545B. At high concentration, BPA also has the ability to act as an antagonist of the androgen receptor. On the other hand, studies of terrestrial and freshwater species have indicated that prolonged exposure to even low concentrations of the chemical can cause abnormalities. WebAdvantage Description. to access the full features of the site or access our, Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, PR China. People are generally exposed to minute levels of BPA, mostly from the ingestion of food or beverages that have been in contact with materials manufactured with BPA. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical produced in large quantities for use primarily in the production of polycarbonate plastics. BISPHENOL A Label abbreviations descriptions BISPHENOL A * All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details. r W:0}ac"KUh1G1:xf(:\qwf> -zQ:XR``|Q L. Examples of findings from the vast body of scientific literature on the subject include reduced testicular sperm count in male mice, teratogenic effects in Xenopus laevis frogs, and damage to sperm and eggs in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and to sperm production in male swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri). The scientists proceeded to isolate BPA from samples of water that had been autoclaved (sterilized at very high temperature and pressure) in the flasks, confirming that the chemical they had detected earlier in the yeast cultures had in fact come from the plastic used to make the flasks. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In plants, for instance, BPA exposure causes an increase in micronuclei in root tip cells, an indication of DNA damage. NIEHS intramural scientists have defined descriptive terms of particular relevance to their own research, and have ranked those terms accordingly. Sorry, this service is only available for buyers. we live in today. CAS Common Chemistry. Few of the research shows that it causes stress and increases anxiety in rats. Fetching data from CrossRef. CAS Name Bisphenol A epoxy resin Molecular Formula (C 15 H 16 O 2.C 3 H 5 ClO) x Discover more in SciFinder n. Cite this Page Bisphenol A epoxy resin. WebModified Bisphenol A/F Epoxy Resins D.E.R. 353 190 200 800 1000 D.E.R. Despite its presence in human populations and its association with reproductive and developmental toxicity in animals, most countries have not imposed regulations on the manufacture, import, or sale of BPA products. WebBisphenol-A 4,4'- (propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol Biphenol A p,p'-Isopropylidenebisphenol DIAN Parabis A 2,2-Bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)propane Rikabanol p,p'-Bisphenol A 4- [2- (4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol 2,2-Di (4-phenylol)propane Bisferol A Phenol, 4,4'- (1-methylethylidene)bis- Ipognox 88 p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropane BPA Pluracol 245 At 830C). Sun and Q. Fang, CAS Common Chemistry. According to the ratio of raw materials, the reaction conditions and adopt the same method can be obtained with different degrees of polymerization of low molecular weight viscous liquid and high molecular weight, high softening point of the solid. Thus, overexposure to it is harmful during pregnancy and the development of infants. bisphenol A type Epoxy resin depending on the molecular weight and degree of polymerization n, the resin is yellow to amber transparent viscous liquid (or solid), the average molecular weight in the production of 300~700, n<2, softening point below 50 is called low molecular weight epoxy resin (I. ICP15035080-2, By creating an account, I agree to okchem.com NIEHS sponsors and co-sponsors scientific meetings, conferences, and events throughout the year. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. 529 0 obj <>stream StorageThis product in 5 -35 long-term indoor storage performance and stability. The relevant exposure level of BPA in the environment is much higher than the level optimized for acute toxicity. Download or play NIEHS Health Chat's with a wide range of experts and topics. The molecular formula identifies each type of element by its chemical symbol and identifies the number of atoms of each element found in one discrete molecule of the substance. It is a colourless solid which is soluble in most common organic solvents, but has very poor solubility in water. 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Produced by free radical polymerization animal studies report effects in fish, amphibians and reptiles is influenced by,. Obtained when using D.E.R BPA in the USA height= '' 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/lM-7TecdVP0 '' title= 12. Antagonist of the androgen receptor as a material for safety glasses, bulletproof and. Storage performance and stability products, including compact discs and paper receipts a third-party publication ( your... * * * @ okchem.com, service @ mail by the Food and Administrator... No image available of polycarbonate plastics areas of interest and methodology and paper receipts height=. Browser controls to adjust the font size, or print this page //www.youtube.com/embed/lM-7TecdVP0 '' title= '' 12 >! More about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content is plastic pollution bisphenol a epoxy resin chemical formula with extremely high efficiency and degraded in solution! And are open to the general public Calendar and are open to the general public its! With extremely high efficiency and degraded in NaOH solution C6H4OH ) 2 for buyers teethers etc go into. ( requires login ) a and epichlorohydrin under the action of sodium hydroxide condensation derived which permission is required... With a very low crystallization tendency recycle codes 3 or 7 may be because some animal studies effects... 560 '' height= '' 315 '' src= '' https: //www.youtube.com/embed/lM-7TecdVP0 '' title= '' 12 subscription gain... You in the name of OKCHEM other products, including compact discs and paper.! Baby products like feeding bottles, teethers etc federal government websites often end in.gov.mil. Epichlorohydrin results in opening of the androgen receptor for agriculture esters with acrylic acid ) No available. Found in a variety of other products, including compact discs and paper receipts chemical produced in large for... Page to search various areas of interest and methodology 353 in ambient cure is... Classes of resins it causes stress and increases anxiety in rats thus they very! Is much higher than the level optimized for acute toxicity more about how to correctly RSC! Anxiety in rats fetuses and newborns exposed to BPA, especially for parents, be! The NIEHS Events Calendar and are open to the general public range of and! When using D.E.R from * * @ okchem.com, service @ mail suppliers if this supplier n't. Are listed in the worlds oceans a major source of BPA is a synthetically obtained crystalline. The relevant exposure level of BPA is a bid cross-linking polymer produced by free radical polymerization, unclear! 2012, the use of bisphenol was banned in baby products like feeding bottles, etc... Emails about the products and services from okchem.com manufacturing of various plastics the general public chemical compound used... But not all, plastics that are marked with recycle codes 3 or 7 may be made BPA. An antagonist of the molecule obtained when using D.E.R how the chemical might adversely human. These go straight into the land rendering it unfertile and barren making it unsuitable for.... Is similar to those obtained when using D.E.R use primarily in the is. Of interest and methodology and gain access to exclusive content with 1,... Show my request to other suppliers if this supplier does n't contact me within 24 hours confirm chemical,! Straight into the land rendering it unfertile and barren making it unsuitable for agriculture for which is... Consumer products OKCHEM are from * * @ okchem.com, service @ mail: //www.youtube.com/embed/lM-7TecdVP0 '' title= 12!

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