km. The nearby North Anatolian Fault is responsible for much earthquake activity, although it does not physically pass through the city itself,[90] and a quake of at least magnitude 7 is more likely than not before 2030 and very likely in the 21st century. [296] Sultan Abdlmecid I issued Samuel Morse his first official honor for the telegraph in 1847, and construction of the first telegraph linebetween Istanbul and Edirnefinished in time to announce the end of the Crimean War in 1856. Following the influx of immigrants from southeastern and eastern Turkey, which began in the 1960s, the city's foodscape has drastically changed by the end of the century; with influences of Middle Eastern cuisine such as kebab taking an important place in the food scene. [16], Istanbul experienced especially rapid growth during the second half of the 20th century, with its population increasing tenfold between 1950 and 2000. [15] In 2019, Ambarl, on the western edge of the urban center, had an annual capacity of 3,104,882 TEUs, making it the third-largest cargo terminal in the Mediterranean basin. [90] The threat of major earthquakes plays a large role in the city's infrastructure development, with over 500,000 vulnerable buildings demolished and replaced since 2012. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. [191][192][193], Politically, Istanbul is seen as the most important administrative region in Turkey. [310] The O-7[311] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [159], Istanbul ranks as the seventh-largest city proper in the world, and the second-largest urban agglomeration in Europe, after Moscow. Historians disagreesometimes substantiallyon population figures of Istanbul (Constantinople), and other world cities, prior to the 20th century. See the Toponomy section of this article, or. The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. [130] The minarets date from that period. All Rights Reserved By browsing this website, you agree to our privacy policy.. [130] Because of its historical significance, it was reopened as a museum in 1935. However, it was re-converted into a mosque in July 2020. [125] It was brought from Delphi in 324 CE, during the reign of Constantine the Great, and also erected at the spina of the Hippodrome. Find out which is better and their overall performance in the city ranking. 8 336 697 (2012) 8 336 697 (2012) 14 160 000 (2013) 14 160 000 (2013) Area. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. Galleria Ataky ushered in the age of modern shopping malls in Turkey when it opened in 1987. ", "23 Haziran 2019 Sandk Analizi ve Semen Kmeleri", "How Istanbul won back its crown as heart of the Muslim world", "Istanbul: An Unlikely Refuge for Exiled Journalists", "Arab Exiles Sound Off Freely in Istanbul Even as Turkey Muffles Its Own Critics", "Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul", "Syrian migrants in Turkey face deadline to leave Istanbul", "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments", "Assyrian community thrives again in southeastern Turkey", "Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour - Jewish Virtual Library", "Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren't Fleeing to Israel Yet", "Erdoan: 'stanbul'da teklersek, Trkiye'de tkezleriz', "A Turkish Opposition Leader Is Fighting Erdoan With 'Radical Love', "Erdoan's defeat in Istanbul shows opposition's changing tactics", "Istanbul election rerun set to be won by opposition, in blow to Erdogan", "Panoramic view of the modern skyline of Istanbul's European side, with the skyscrapers of Levent at the center and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right", "A view of the skyscrapers in Levent from Sporcular Park", "Istanbul Finance Center opens with inauguration of banking section", "Image of the Istanbul Financial Center on 27 March 2023", "Regions and Cities in Turkey at a Glance in 2018", "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama", "The Imperial Ottoman Bank Patrimoines Partags ", "nBorsa Istanbul: A Story of Transformation", "Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Campus Phase I-II", "Image of Metropol Istanbul Towers and the Ataehir district", "Turkey expects cruise tourism boom in 2022", "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial", "Abdi peki Avenue to be new Champs Elysee", "Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris", "A Big Night Out in Istanbul And a Big Breakfast the Morning After", "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity", "Turkey's LGBT community draws hope from Harvey Milk", "Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus", "UEFA Champions League 2007/08 History Fenerbahe", "Puan Durumu: 20152016 Sezonu 30. Istanbul's tallest hill, Aydos, is 537 meters (1,762ft) high.[15]. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. [308] The completed section of highway crosses the Bosphorus Strait via the Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, entered service on 26 August 2016. [119], Istanbul does not have a primary urban park, but it has several green areas. [196], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. Roe deer, wild boars, foxes, coyotes, martens, badgers, wolves, weasels, wildcats, squirrels and reed cats have been documented to live inside the boundaries of Istanbul Province. You may also choose a male, female or child silhouette by clicking on a corresponding button on the top bar. It'll show you the two of you next to each other. The state-run Radio 3, although based in Ankara, also features English-language popular music, and English-language news programming is provided on NTV Radyo (102.8 FM). [197], Administratively, Istanbul is divided into 39 districts, more than any other province in Turkey. [39] The city experienced a brief period of Persian rule at the turn of the 5th century BCE, but the Greeks recaptured it during the Greco-Persian Wars. [18] Constantinople remained the most common name for the city in the West until the 1930s, when Turkish authorities began to press for the use of "Istanbul" in foreign languages. [330] The city's main cruise ship terminal is the Port of Istanbul in Karaky, with a capacity of 10,000 passengers per hour. [244] Since then, malls have become major shopping centers outside the historic peninsula. [362][clarification needed], Algal blooms and red tides were reported in Sea of Marmara and Bosporus (especially in Golden Horn), and regularly happen in urban lakes such as Lake Bykekmece and Kkekmece. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. Uncategorized. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquial Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. [279], Istanbul now has a wide variety of periodicals. The O-2 continues west to Edirne and the O-4 continues east to Ankara. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings. [9] In 330 CE, the Roman emperor Constantine the Great made it his imperial capital, renaming it first as New Rome (Greek: , Nea Rhom; Latin: Nova Roma)[10] and then as Constantinople (Constantinopolis) after himself. [90] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[92] requiring retrofits for older buildings[citation needed] and higher engineering standards for new construction. [93] Much divergence exists in the terminology used to classify the city's climate, however. Cognizant that revitalization would fail without the repopulation of the city, Mehmed II welcomed everyoneforeigners, criminals, and runaways showing extraordinary openness and willingness to incorporate outsiders that came to define Ottoman political culture. [339] New stations to replace both the Haydarpaa and Sirkeci terminals, and connect the city's disjointed railway networks, now the Marmaray second phase opened to the public. In: Edhem, Eldem. In this case, knowing the Turkish Size Chart will help you to choose the correct size of dresses, jeans, shoes etc. Hours later, the sultan rode to the Hagia Sophia and summoned an imam to proclaim the Islamic creed, converting the grand cathedral into an imperial mosque due to the city's refusal to surrender peacefully. [283] Istanbul's airwaves are the busiest in Turkey, primarily featuring either Turkish-language or English-language content. The city was founded as Byzantium (Greek: , Byzantion) in the 7th century BCE by Greek settlers from Megara. We'll show you the perimeters of two different countries on the same map to see their real size. Winters are quite cloudy, with around 20 percent of days being sunny or partly cloudy. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. Click on Add Person and enter your height and the height of another person. [10], Over 13.4 million foreign visitors came to Istanbul in 2018, eight years after it was named a European Capital of Culture, making it the world's eighth most visited city. The 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix was initially cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic,[270] but on 25 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 F1 Turkish Grand Prix will take place on 3 October 2021. All four stadiums are elite Category 4 (formerly five-star) UEFA stadiums. After its closure to commercial flights in 2019, it was briefly used by cargo aircraft and the official state aircraft owned by the Turkish government, until the demolition of its runway began in 2020. Modern art museums, including stanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum, National Palaces Painting Museum, stanbul Modern, the Pera Museum, Sakp Sabanc Museum, Arter and SantralIstanbul, opened in the 2000s to complement the exhibition spaces and auction houses that have already contributed to the cosmopolitan nature of the city. [285] Istanbul is home to the headquarters of several Turkish stations and regional headquarters of international media outlets. Abdi peki Street in Nianta, Galataport Shopping Area in Karaky and Badat Avenue on the Anatolian side of the city have evolved into high-end shopping districts. [318] Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnels General Management (ETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day. Environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. [81] Due to Ottoman and Turkish policies of Turkification and ethnic cleansing, the city's Christian population declined from 450,000 to 240,000 between 1914 and 1927. [76] Regular service to Bucharest and Thessaloniki continued until the early 2010s, when the former was interrupted for Marmaray construction but started running again in 2019 and the latter was halted due to economic problems in Greece. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. [148][149], District councils are chiefly responsible for waste management and construction projects within their respective districts. deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915, terminology used to classify the city's climate, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey, International Council of Shopping Centers, Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge, Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, List of twin towns and sister cities of Istanbul, "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2022", "Sub-national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab", "Top city destinations by overnight visitors", "Marmaray kazlarnda tarih gn na kt", "Blue Versus Green: Rocking the Byzantine Empire", Globalization, Cosmopolitanism, and the Dnme in Ottoman Salonica and Turkish Istanbul, "Turkey recovers from one earthquake and braces for more", "64 pct chance of Istanbul quake to hit before 2030: Expert", "Turkey: New building code for earthquake resilience", "Analysis of Climate in the Megacity of Istanbul Based on Human Bioclimatic Comfort Index", "stanbul'da baz ilelerde kar kalnl 85 santimetreyi buldu", "Rivista Ligure di Meteorologia 44 - La neve sulle coste del Mediterraneo", "Gov't forced to take measures amid below average rainfall across Turkey", "Lightning electrifies Istanbul, northwestern Turkey skies as thunderstorms take over", "Istanbul flood result of Turkey's climate change", "Climatologie globale Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat", "Temperature to increase significantly in Turkey in 30 years due to global warming, warns climate expert", "Xeriscaping Feasibility as an Urban Adaptation Method for Global Warming: A Case Study from Turkey", Istanbul Office Market General Overview: Third Quarter 2021, WCTR Society & Unyu Seisaku Kenky Kik 2004, "Gov't launches plan to fight illegal construction", "Poor but Proud Istanbul Neighborhood Faces Gentrification", "Forced gentrification plan spells end for old Roma district in Istanbul", "New city construction to begin in six months", "Water Supply Systems, Reservoirs, Charity and Free Fountains, Turkish Baths", "Illustration of the Lake (later Sea) of Marmara and the formation of the Turkish Straits after the Black Sea deluge", Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008, "Population of Istanbul in Turkey from 2007 to 2019", "Address Based Population Registration System Results of 2010", "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2019", "File 11a: The 30 Largest Urban Agglomerations Ranked by Population Size at Each Point in Time, 19502035", "Starting Up in Turkey: Expats Getting Organized", "International Migration Statistics, 2019", "Doum yerlerine gre stanbul nfusu ve i gler", "stanbul'da en ok nereli var: stanbul'da en ok hangi ilden vatanda yayor? Drag and drop countries around the map to compare their relative size. Glhane Park and Yldz Park were originally included within the grounds of two of Istanbul's palaces Topkap Palace and Yldz Palacebut they were repurposed as public parks in the early decades of the Turkish Republic. [246][247] Some other neighborhoods around stiklal Avenue have been revamped to cater to Beyolu's nightlife, with formerly commercial streets now lined with pubs, cafes, and restaurants playing live music. Following the model of French cities, this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across the city. 2023 UDesign Theme. The forest originally supplied water to the city and remnants of reservoirs used during Byzantine and Ottoman times survive.[122][123]. Informations San Diego (, Spanish: [san djeo]; Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 110 miles (180 km) southeast of downtown Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico. [361] It is one of the 10 worst cities for NO2. MetaBallStudios. Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. The high population growth mirrors an urbanization trend across the country, as the second and third fastest-growing OECD metropolises are the Turkish cities of Izmir and Ankara. [70], Social hierarchy was ignored by the rampant plague, which killed the rich and the poor alike in the 16th century. [322][323] The two sides of Istanbul's metro are connected under the Bosphorus by the Marmaray Tunnel, inaugurated in 2013 as the first rail connection between Thrace and Anatolia, having 13.5km length. Fares across modes are integrated, using the contactless Istanbulkart, introduced in 2009, or the older Akbil electronic ticket device. [313][314] Apart from the three Bosphorus Bridges, the dual-deck, 14.6-kilometer (9.1mi) Eurasia Tunnel (which entered service on 20 December 2016) under the Bosphorus strait also provides road crossings for motor vehicles between the Asian and European sides of Turkey. [306][307][308] The density of expressway network is 16.8km/100km2. [235] Istanbul and its picturesque skyline have also served as a backdrop for several foreign films, including From Russia with Love (1963), Topkapi (1964), The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Mission Istaanbul (2008). [200][203] As of 2023, the five tallest skyscrapers in Istanbul and Turkey are the 352m (1,154ft 10in) tall Turkish Central Bank Tower[201][202][204][213][214][215] in the Ataehir district on the Asian side of the city; Metropol Istanbul Tower A (70 floors / 301 metres including its twin spires)[216][217][218][219] also in the Ataehir district; Skyland Istanbul Towers 1 and 2 (2 x 284 metres)[220][221] located adjacent to Nef Stadium in the Huzur neighbourhood of the Saryer district, on the European side; and Istanbul Sapphire (54 floors / 238 metres; 261 metres including its spire)[222] in Levent, on the European side of the city. [281] Hrriyet's English-language edition, Hrriyet Daily News, has been printed since 1961, but the English-language Daily Sabah, first published by Sabah in 2014, has overtaken it in circulation. One of the exceptions, offering both, is Ak Radyo (94.9 FM). [71] Money could not protect the rich from all the discomforts and harsher sides of Istanbul. The industry has its roots in the former Ottoman capital, where the first Turkish newspaper, Takvim-i Vekayi (Calendar of Affairs), was published in 1831. Akmerkez was awarded the titles of "Europe's best" and "World's best" shopping mall by the International Council of Shopping Centers in 1995 and 1996; Istanbul Cevahir has been one of the continent's largest since opening in 2005; and Kanyon won the Cityscape Architectural Review Award in the Commercial Built category in 2006. 19.2C vs 18.2C 1.9C higher average temperature? While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. [286] Kanal D and ATV are other stations in Istanbul that offer a mix of news and series; NTV (partnered with U.S. media outlet MSNBC) and Sky Turkboth based in the cityare mainly just known for their news coverage in Turkish. [294] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations.October 6 is marked as Tehran Day based on a 2016 decision by members of the City Council . With a total population of around fifteen million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's largest cities by population, standing as the world's fifteenth-largest town and the largest city in Europe. [citation needed], Between the 20052011 seasons,[268] and in the 2020 season,[269] Istanbul Park racing circuit hosted the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix. [179] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. [148] All representatives on the committee are appointed by the metropolitan mayor and the council, with the mayoror someone of his or her choosingserving as head. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. [159] 64.4% of the residents live on the European side and 35.6% on the Asian side. In the following centuries, and especially after the Tanzimat reforms, Ottoman architecture was supplanted by European styles. The biggest defeat for the government came in the 2019 local elections, where their candidate for Mayor, former Prime Minister Binali Yldrm, was defeated by a very narrow margin by the opposition candidate Ekrem mamolu. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. [22] An alternative view is that the name evolved directly from the name Constantinople, with the first and third syllables dropped. [10][18] Megarian colonists claimed a direct line back to the founders of the city, Byzas, the son of the god Poseidon and the nymph Cerossa. Areas around stiklal Avenue were filled with grand European embassies and rows of buildings in Neoclassical, Renaissance Revival and Art Nouveau styles, which went on to influence the architecture of a variety of structures in Beyoluincluding churches, stores, and theatersand official buildings such as Dolmabahe Palace.[138]. [318][319] The Tnel opened in 1875 as the world's second-oldest subterranean rail line (after London's Metropolitan Railway). The Istanbul Shopping Fest is an annual shopping festival held since 2011, and Teknofest is an annual festival of aviation, aerospace and technology, held since 2018. Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with a vast building scheme that included the construction of towering mosques and ornate palaces. [61] In the mid-14th-century, the Ottoman Turks began a strategy of gradually taking smaller towns and cities, cutting off Constantinople's supply routes and strangling it slowly. [316], Istanbul's local public transportation system is a network of commuter trains, trams, funiculars, metro lines, buses, bus rapid transit, and ferries. Compare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. Based on state register data, which is unchangeable and inhereted from the family. [187] In marked contrast to Jews in Europe, Ottoman Jews were allowed to work in any profession. [46] On 11 May 330, Constantinople was proclaimed the capital of the Roman Empire, which was later permanently divided between the two sons of Theodosius I upon his death on 17 January 395, when the city became the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. [354] Water pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main threats to Istanbul's marine ecology. [26] It is the oldest known human settlement on the European side of the city. [272][273] It also hosted the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix between 2005 and 2007. [113] Much of the Asian side of the Bosporus functions as a suburb of the economic and commercial centers in European Istanbul, accounting for a third of the city's population but only a quarter of its employment. In 2011, as a workaround solution, the then Prime Minister Erdoan presented Canal Istanbul, a project to open a new strait between the Black and Marmara seas. Istanbul London vs Istanbul Informations London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom. [13] Suleiman the Magnificent's reign from 1520 to 1566 was a period of especially great artistic and architectural achievement; chief architect Mimar Sinan designed several iconic buildings in the city, while Ottoman arts of ceramics, stained glass, calligraphy, and miniature flourished. Obviously each viewer will have their mind blown by a different subset of comparisons, but a few outlier countries are worth noting in terms of sheer density. Since 2004, the municipal boundaries of Istanbul have been coincident with the boundaries of its province. [140] Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908 when the city was declared a province with nine constituent districts. 1 214 km 2. [226], By the end of the 19th century, Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city. A follow-up to Chandler & Fox 1974, In the Ottoman period the inner core of the city, inside the city walls, came to be known as "stanbul" in Turkish and "Stamboul" in the West. [115] Moreover, large scale gentrification and urban renewal projects have been taking place,[116] such as the one in Tarlaba;[117] some of these projects, like the one in Sulukule, have faced criticism. You can add up to 50 objects! "The Policy of Mehmed II toward the Greek Population of Istanbul and the Byzantine Buildings of the City." istanbul size comparison. [295], The Ottoman Ministry of Post and Telegraph was established in 1840 and the first post office, the Imperial Post Office, opened near the courtyard of Yeni Mosque. The dominant ethnic group in the city is Turkish people, which also forms the majority group in Turkey. The Byzantine Empire was restored, albeit weakened, in 1261. [276][277], Most state-run radio and television stations are based in Ankara, but Istanbul is the primary hub of Turkish media. [309] In 2011, the first and second bridges on the Bosphorus carried 400,000 vehicles each day. [48] During most of the Middle Ages, the latter part of the Byzantine era, Constantinople was the largest and wealthiest city on the European continent and at times the largest in the world. You can read below and find weights and measures, clothes and shoes size in Turkey, including conversion charts and tables when compared to US, UK, MX, JP and AU. The 4th century Harbor of Theodosius in Yenikap, once the busiest port in Constantinople, was among the numerous archeological discoveries that took place during the excavations of the Marmaray tunnel.[26]. Waste management and construction projects within their respective districts been held annually since 1982 the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix 2005. 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